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    June 12

    大腸桿菌會把DNA當大餐

    大腸桿菌是一種無處不在的細菌,它之所以能夠成為自然界最成功的物種是有許多原因的。南加州大學的生物學家發現了一個新的原因:在緊要關頭時,大腸桿菌可以將它們死去的競爭者的DNA當作大餐吃掉。
     
    這項由Steven Finkel領導的研究小組證實了DNA是細菌可接受的一種營養源。這項最新的研究結果發表於6月1日的Journal of Bacteriology中。他們發現在DNA在適者生存的戰爭中,是一種關鍵的食物。只要能比競爭對手多活一陣子,細菌就可以獲得雙重獎賞:食物的競爭者減少和營養物的供應增加。細菌可以吃掉DNA,而且能將DNA作為它們唯一的營養來源。
     
    Finkel將這種現象稱為營養力(nutritional competence),以區別於自然力(natural competence),其定義為細胞可以吸收廢棄的DNA,以修復它們的基因組。
     
    由於自然力會導致壞的突變所以很危險,但是攝入DNA卻沒有這種危險。這項研究確定了與大腸桿菌中營養力有關的八個基因。如果少了這八個基因中的任何一個,細菌就不能攝取DNA,也失去了它們的競爭優勢。
     
    這個基因家族也存在於許多物種中,這意味著把DNA當作一種營養可能是一種廣泛的現象。
     
    (編譯/姜欣慧) (資料來源 : Bio.com)
     

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